Minimum System Requirements:
Microsoft Windows 98se/ME/2000/XP/Vista
Intel Pentium 3 @ 500 MHz or AMD Athlon @ 500 MHz
256 Mb of RAM
4 Mb of free disk space
An ASIO compatible sound card
GS-201 is a VST plug-in, and needs a VST host application to run. We recommend EnergyXT or Hermann Seib's VSThost / SAVIhost.

Basic Concepts
Tape echo effects were invented towards the end of the fifties. Presumably the very first tape echo machine was invented by Charlie Watkins of London, England, in 1958. It was based on a small loop of 1/4' tape onto which audio was recorded by a magnetic head and then read by three separated heads. What was read from the tape was amplified by the internal all-valve circuit and eventually recorded back to the tape, creating the feedback or 'sustaining' echo effect. The delay time of the unit was determined by distance of the write head from the read heads, in conjunction with the speed of the tape. Many manufacturers of this era produced their versions of echo machines, mostly based on the magnetic tape system. The famous Binson Echorec was based on a circular drum head with a metallic magnetic stripe. It was used by Pink Floyd at the time of their album 'Echoes'. Another famous tape echo machine was the Maestro Echoplex, heavily used by pianist Herbie Hancock. Other notable units were the Selmer TruVoice Echo, the Dynacord Echocord, along one of the most famous and widely used from 1973 to present day: the Roland RE-201. This particular model has a tape loop about 4 meters long which is recorded, read and erased continuously. It consists of one erase head, one write head and three pick-up heads, which when combined with the variable speed DC capstan motor allows many different delay configurations. This machine also offers a reverberation effect based on a spring reverb tank. The combination of echo and reverb gives an 'ethereal' ambience effect which eventually inspired the engineers so to name it 'Space Echo'.
Nowadays these machines are very sought after but quite rare to find on the market, and their evaluation increases year after year. There are many aspects that make the tape echo stand out from a modern digital delay. Here are a few of the main features:
1) the unpredictability. A capstan motor is never perfect like a digital clock signal, resulting in slight variations of the delay times and pitched sound.
2) the frequency response and dynamic range. A magnetic tape is not as clean and flat as a digital recording. Especially a loop of tape which is cyclically erased and re-recorded many times in a short time lapse.
3) noise, hum, distortion. Defects that a digital system shouldn't have, sometimes are wanted and can become 'musically acceptable'.
There is one way only to obtain all of this. To get the real thing.
Actually there's a much affordable and easy alternative: to use an accurate digital simulation.
GS-201 is an accurate simulation of a japanese Tape Echo machine of the early seventies, featuring:
• Distinctive dynamic range and frequency response
• Realistic response to the panel controls
• Motor 'wow and flutter'
• Sound degradation and distortion at high feedback levels
• Very natural hum and background tape noise
• Three different kinds of magnetic tape models
• Ultra-low CPU usage
• Easy 'MIDI Learn' feature
Panel Controls
• Input Left, Input Right: GS-201 is a monoaural effect but it works for either mono or stereo buses or insert slots. With these two knobs you can set the input volume of the two stereo channels separately.
• Direct Level, on/off: The input audio signal is copied to the output unchanged. With this knob you can set its level. Use the little on/off switch to turn on or off the dry signal. More generally, you should turn off the dry signal when using GS-201 on an effect bus (send/return), and leave it on when you're using GS-201 as an insert effect.
• Mode Selector: This 12 way rotary selector lets you choose among various combinations of echoes and reverb.
Modes 1 to 4 exclude the reverb effect, and include the following combinations:
1. First head (shorter delay time)
2. Second head (medium delay time)
3. Third head (longer delay time)
4. Two taps: Second + Third head.
Modes from 5 to 11 include both the echo and the reverb effect, and are organized as follows:
5. First head (like mode #1)
6. Second head (like mode #2)
7. Third head (like mode #3)
8. Two taps: First + Second head
9. Two taps: Second + Third head (like mode #4)
10. Two taps: First + Third head
11. Three taps: First + Second + Third head
Mode #12 is 'Reverb only' which excludes the echo effect.
• Repeat Rate: This knob lets you vary the speed of the capstan motor which leads the tape, consequently changing the overall delay time. Turn it counterclockwise for longer delay times and clockwise for shorter delay times. When moving this knob, a pop-up window will show the actual delay times in milliseconds for all three heads.
Please refer to the section Frequently Asked Questions for useful tips about this control.
• Intensity: With this knob you can choose the quantity of signal to be reproduced and recorded back on the tape, thus affecting the delay feedback level. At high feedback levels the tape echo could engage an infinite feedback with drastic signal degradation.
• Bass, Treble: With these two knobs you can adjust the frequency response of the sound output from the tape.
• Echo Volume, Reverb Volume: With these two knobs you can adjust the volume of the two effects separately.
• Power: This switch turns off or on the effect unit.
• RT, 456, 468: This 3-way selector lets you choose between three different kinds of tape used by the echo machine.
RT: this is the original tape model.
456: this is the famous 'Grand Master' tape model, mostly used for multitrack recorders and not so suitable for these machines. It has a brighter response, a higher gain and less distortion than the original tape.
468: this is the famous 'Low Print' tape model, mostly used for hi-fi tape decks. Its characteristics are half-way between the RT and the 456 tape models.
You won't notice huge differences between the three tape models in a normal situation. The difference becomes more noticeable with longer feedback levels, especially when the tape goes into the self-oscillation state.
In version 1.1, when you move a control on the User Interface, a small display appears on the screen showing the current value of the active control. When you move the 'Mode Selector' knob, another display shows the tape heads and reverb arrangement based on the active knob position. Passing your mouse pointer over the controls, a pop-up text describes their function.
Tips on using the interface:
- to reset a control to its default value, hold down CTRL and click it;
- for 'fine tuning' knob movements, hold down SHIFT while moving the knob;
- all the knobs react to both vertical and horizontal movement;
- hold down the ALT key to activate the circular control of the knobs.